Hi Prakash. I do not think ...

Hi Prakash.
I do not think there is any way to make open defecation safe in the Indian context as there are simply too many people around even in the rural context. Consider the fact that even if a few percentage of people defecate in the open the shear numbers will result in social and environmental problems.

It is, therefore, better to aim for ODF status.

As to technology, I do not believe there are any maintenance free options available. The commonly deployed twin soak pit option is possibly the cheapest but leaves much to be desired as the liquid effluent enters the soil where it mixes with greywater and can contaminate local wells and water bodies. In addition, during the rains these twin pits often flood and overflow resulting in unhygienic conditions and unusable toilets.

Our company has tried a different approach deploying our low water supply sewerage network at a Rural Village called Jambudiyapura near Vadodara, Gujarat. I have attached the document for you to have a look at...